Physics

The Quantum Dance: |0⟩, |1⟩, Superposition, and Entanglement Explained

Physics

Quantum mechanics challenges our everyday intuition. At its core lies the qubit – the quantum bit – which uses mathematical notation called Dirac ket notation to describe states. Physicists denote the two basic states of a qubit as |0⟩ (ket 0) and |1⟩ (ket 1). These resemble classical bits (0 or 1 in computers), but […]

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Quantum Fluctuations: The Hidden Dance in Empty Space

Physics

Modern physics reveals one of the most counterintuitive ideas: true emptiness does not exist. Even in a perfect vacuum – space devoid of matter – something constantly stirs. Scientists call this restless activity quantum fluctuations. At the heart of quantum mechanics, these fluctuations arise directly from Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. This principle states that we

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